Exploring the interaction mechanism between carbon dioxide laser and glass

Establish a heat conduction equation that is consistent with the actual processing conditions, along with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions, to simulate the temperature distribution on the glass surface under different processing parameters. 

2. Through theoretical calculation and analysis, in the process of carbon dioxide laser polishing of hard and brittle materials such as glass, the influence of the focused light spot on the thermal distribution, viscosity changes, and stress generation of the hard and brittle materials is studied, and a simple surface stress model is established; 

3. Utilizing the dual Wenderud model, numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the temperature of charge carriers and the crystal lattice during the interaction between carbon dioxide laser and hard brittle materials such as glass. The transient processes such as the changes in charge carrier concentration over time and in two-dimensional space are also analyzed. Theoretically, the optical performance changes of the material during carbon dioxide laser irradiation and the prediction and analysis of experimental results are revealed. 

The interaction between carbon dioxide lasers and brittle materials such as glass, especially with crystalline materials, is a very complex process involving physics, chemistry, optics, and the inherent characteristics of the materials. The damage mechanisms include surface damage, multiphoton absorption ionization, material defect absorption, nonlinear self-focusing absorption damage, and avalanche ionization damage. 

Depending on the different laser wavelengths and pulse energy intensities, the proportions of the above damage mechanisms vary. As the laser wavelength decreases, the photon energy shows an upward trend. When the laser wavelength is longer, the main damage form of the laser on brittle materials such as glass is the thermal damage caused by the absorption of material defects. However, many processes remain unclear. These are areas that are worth studying, and only by clarifying these areas can we better promote the application of CO2 laser polishing of hard and brittle materials such as glass in industry.